Hvad er bitcoin, og hvordan fungerer det?

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At forstå bitcoin: Oprindelse, funktion og fremtidsudsigter for den førende kryptovaluta | Bitwise
  1. Hvad er bitcoin?
  2. Hvorfor blev bitcoin udviklet?
  3. Hvordan fungerer bitcoin?
  4. Hvad bestemmer prisen på bitcoin?
  5. Hvad er bitcoin?

Bitcoin er den klart største kryptovaluta i verden. Den virtuelle valuta er nu inde i sit 15. år og er solidt forankret i finansverdenen. Men hvad er en bitcoin egentlig, og hvordan fungerer den?

Bitcoin var verdens første digitale valuta, der blev kendt som en kryptovaluta. Den forkortes BTC og blev udviklet af en person eller gruppe under pseudonymet Satoshi Nakamoto. Det er stadig ikke kendt, hvem eller hvilke der gemmer sig bag dette pseudonym.

Bitcoin er baseret på en innovativ teknologi kaldet blockchain. Blockchain er en decentraliseret, digital database, der registrerer transaktioner og sikrer, at de er transparente, uforanderlige og manipulationssikre. En anden term for blockchain er Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) - distribueret regnskabsteknologi på dansk.

Motivet bag udviklingen af bitcoin var at skabe en digital valuta, der fungerer uafhængigt af centrale myndigheder som regeringer, kreditinstitutter eller centralbanker. Bitcoin håndteres på en decentraliseret måde, hvilket betyder, at der ikke er nogen central myndighed, der har kontrol over valutaen. I stedet garanteres systemets integritet af blockchain, der håndteres af et netværk af computere kaldet noder.

Hvorfor bitcoin blev udviklet - designet som et alternativ til fiatvalutaer

Det er derfor ingen tilfældighed, at bitcoin blev skabt i 2008 og 2009. Den globale finanskrise, der blev udløst i USA, fik mange til at miste tilliden til den etablerede finansverden og de nationale valutaer. Bitcoin blev tænkt som et alternativ til såkaldte fiatvalutaer, dvs. statsudstedte betalingsmidler uden indbygget værdi.

Når en person gennemfører en bitcoin-transaktion, registreres denne transaktion i en ny blok. Hver blok er forbundet med den foregående blok gennem komplekse matematiske algoritmer, kaldet hashfunktioner. Dette skaber en kronologisk ordnet kæde af uforanderlige blokke. På denne måde sikres det, at transaktionerne er sporbare og sikre.

For at sikre, at transaktionen er legitim, skal noderne i netværket løse kryptografiske puslespil. Denne proces kaldes "mining". På dansk kan det oversættes til "kryptovalutabrydning", "krypto-udvinding" eller "krypto-prospektering". Kryptominers, der lykkes med at løse puslespillet, tilføjer den nye blok til blokkæden og belønnes med nye bitcoins. Denne krypto-prospekteringsproces (mining) er udviklet til en forretningsmodel. Processen bruges dog ikke kun til at skabe nye bitcoins, men også til at sikre netværkets integritet ved at kontrollere og bekræfte transaktioner.

Hur bitcoin fungerar – det högsta antalet är begränsat till totalt 21 miljoner

En annan viktig funktion är att antalet bitcoin är begränsat till totalt 21 miljoner stycken. Denna gräns definieras av en algoritm i bitcoin-protokollet. Till skillnad från traditionella valutor som euro, US-dollar eller brittiska pund, som centralbankerna teoretiskt skulle kunna trycka upp ett oändligt antal av, fastställdes den högsta mängden bitcoin som kan finnas redan från början till detta antal. Avsikten med att begränsa tillgången på detta sätt var att upprätthålla valutans värde och förhindra okontrollerad inflation, vilket inte fungerar med de traditionella pappersvalutorna.

Bitcoins förvaltas via digitala plånböcker, eller "wallets". En plånbok är en programvara eller ett fysiskt lagringsmedium, t.ex. ett USB-minne, som gör det möjligt för användarna att lagra sina bitcoins på ett säkert sätt och genomföra transaktioner. Varje plånbok har en privat nyckel (ett lösenord) som ger användaren tillgång till sina bitcoins samt en offentlig nyckel som ger andra möjlighet att skicka bitcoins till denna plånbok.

Transaktioner med bitcoin är från början anonyma, vilket innebär att det inte finns någon direktkoppling mellan användarens identitet och hens bitcoin-adress. Transaktionerna i blockkedjan är synliga för alla, men deltagarna skyddas av kryptografiska nycklar. Detta för att skydda användarnas integritet.

Hvorfor bitcoin blev udviklet - designet som et alternativ til fiatvalutaer

Det er derfor ingen tilfældighed, at bitcoin blev skabt i 2008 og 2009. Den globale finanskrise, der blev udløst i USA, fik mange til at miste tilliden til den etablerede finansverden og de nationale valutaer. Bitcoin blev tænkt som et alternativ til såkaldte fiatvalutaer, dvs. statsudstedte betalingsmidler uden indbygget værdi.

Når en person gennemfører en bitcoin-transaktion, registreres denne transaktion i en ny blok. Hver blok er forbundet med den foregående blok gennem komplekse matematiske algoritmer, kaldet hashfunktioner. Dette skaber en kronologisk ordnet kæde af uforanderlige blokke. På denne måde sikres det, at transaktionerne er sporbare og sikre.

For at sikre, at transaktionen er legitim, skal noderne i netværket løse kryptografiske puslespil. Denne proces kaldes "mining". På dansk kan det oversættes til "kryptovalutabrydning", "krypto-udvinding" eller "krypto-prospektering". Kryptominers, der lykkes med at løse puslespillet, tilføjer den nye blok til blokkæden og belønnes med nye bitcoins. Denne krypto-prospekteringsproces (mining) er udviklet til en forretningsmodel. Processen bruges dog ikke kun til at skabe nye bitcoins, men også til at sikre netværkets integritet ved at kontrollere og bekræfte transaktioner

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Frag Jan

Jan Altmann ist ETF-Experte und erfahrener Referent von Online-Seminaren und Präsenzseminaren. Seit 2022 ist Altmann Direktor Investment Strategy der ETC Group im deutschsprachigen Raum, dem führenden deutschen Krypto ETP Anbieter.

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