Kryptobørser, lommebøker eller børsnoterte produkter - hvordan investerer man best i kryptovaluta?

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Hvordan Investere i Kryptovaluta: Børser, Lommebøker, og ETP'er | Bitwise
  1. Har kryptovaluta etablert seg som en egen aktivaklasse?
  2. Tellers bitcoin, ethereum, solana med flere som direkteinvesteringer?
  3. Å kjøpe kryptovaluta gjennom kryptobørser og markedsplasser
  4. Å kjøpe kryptovaluta gjennom verdipapirer og derivater
  5. Passiv diversifisering på kryptomarkedet med en enkelt børsnotert produkt

Kryptovaluta har etablert seg som en alternativ investeringsklasse i finansverdenen. Investorer kan delta i denne utviklingen på forskjellige måter, for eksempel ved å investere direkte i kryptovaluta med en egen lommebok eller via en kryptobørs. Som et indirekte alternativ kan man bruke regulerte børshandlede produkter som Exchanged Traded Products (ETP). Hva er fordelene og ulempene med de ulike alternativene, og hvilke utfordringer og risikoer må man som investor regne med? Vi avklarer hva som gjelder.

Kryptovalutaer har etablert seg som en eiendelsklasse

Kryptovalutaer har gjort en stor comeback i løpet av 2023. Verdien av bare bitcoin har mer enn doblet seg på tolv måneder, noe som har gitt investorer høyere avkastning enn noe annet eiendelsslag. Samtidig har de digitale valutaene etablert seg i finansverdenen. Børshandlede produkter (ETP-er) for kryptovalutaer har vært tilgjengelige i Europa i flere år. De første fondene (ETF-er) for bitcoin ble godkjent i USA tidlig i 2024. Dette betyr at investorer nå også kan investere i bitcoin og andre kryptovalutaer på verdens største kapitalmarked via de populære investerings instrumentene.

Bitcoin er fortsatt den klart største kryptovalutaen. I januar 2024 hadde den en samlet markedsverdi på rundt 735 milliarder euro. Dette tilsvarer omtrent den samlede børsverdien av de seks største aksjene i DAX. Men verdien av verdens eldste digitale valuta er også flere ganger høyere enn de ni kryptovalutaene som kommer etter i rekkefølgen. Det finnes nå flere tusen forskjellige digitale valutaer, men svært få av dem har noen virkelig relevans.

I dag kan man investere i kryptovalutaer på hovedsakelig tre måter: direkte kjøp via en personlig digital lommebok, via en kryptobørs eller indirekte, for eksempel via børshandlede produkter.

Kryptovaluta som direkteinvestering

Alle som investerer i kryptovalutaer som bitcoin, ethereum eller solana kan gjøre det på tradisjonell måte ved å foreta direktekjøp. Da trenger man å ha en egen digital lommebok. Investoren kan deretter kjøpe og selge kryptovaluta gjennom sin lommebok. De digitale valutaene lagres imidlertid ikke direkte i disse "lommebøkene". I stedet lagres de i en såkalt blokkjede der investorer kan administrere sine beholdninger via et passord.

I prinsippet kan alle som kjenner til lagringsstedet ("offentlig adresse") og tilhørende passord (" privat nøkkel ") få tilgang til beholdningen. Denne formen for investering har mange fordeler, men innebærer også noen utfordringer. En fordel er at investoren kan bruke sine digitale mynter eller "tokens" til kjøp i ulike nettbutikker. Metoden tilbyr også visse sikkerhetsfordeler, forutsatt at brukeren ikke glemmer passordet sitt eller at uautoriserte får tak i det.

Investoren har også "fysisk" besittelse av sin kryptoportefølje. Dette gir bedre kontroll over investeringen sammenlignet med hvis kryptovalutaen oppbevares på en kryptobørs. Det beskytter beholdningen mot hackerangrep og reduserer risikoen for tap hvis en markedsplass operatør skulle gå konkurs.

Men det er viktig å forstå at hvis du mister tilgangsinformasjonen til din egen lommebok, mister du også innholdet, det vil si hele investeringen din. Investorer som ønsker å lagre sine kryptovalutaer i en personlig lommebok bør derfor ha en viss teknisk forståelse for hvordan dette fungerer.

Å kjøpe kryptovaluta via kryptobørser og markedsplasser

Hvis du synes den tekniske delen er for komplisert, og du ønsker å unngå risikoen for at passordet kommer på avveie, kan du bruke en av de mange handelsplattformene, børsene og meglerne på internett som en vei inn i kryptoverdenen. Alt du som investor trenger å gjøre er å registrere deg på en av de mange kryptobørsene, så får du automatisk en digital lommebok.

Binance, Coinbase, Crypto.com og Kraken er for øyeblikket blant de største og mest kjente kryptobørsene. Den viktigste forskjellen: her er det ikke lenger investoren selv som har nøkkelen til lommeboken, men leverandøren. Å bruke en slik kryptobørs har mange fordeler, blant annet er det praktisk og enkelt. Investorer kan handle kryptovaluta via disse kryptomeglerne ved hjelp av en app på mobiltelefonene sine og dermed reagere raskt når noe skjer på markedet. Dessuten kan kryptoen overføres tilbake til en personlig digital lommebok. Sist men ikke minst er det mulig å handle på disse børsene døgnet rundt, også på søndager og helligdager.

Å kjøpe kryptovaluta via verdipapirer og derivater

Et annet alternativ for de som ønsker å inkludere kryptovaluta i investeringsporteføljen sin er å kjøpe finansielle produkter. Det finnes en rekke ulike muligheter for de som ønsker å dra nytte av utviklingen til enkelte kryptovalutaer eller en kurv med valutaer, en såkalt "basket".

Det finnes kryptoderivater som f.eks. CFD-er, terminer og opsjoner. De har alle til felles at de ikke investerer i selve kryptovalutaen, men bare satser på hvordan valutaen vil utvikle seg fremover - med tilhørende risikoer.

Investorer kan også kjøpe børsnoterte produkter (ETP-er), som kan beskrives som verdipapirer som følger prisen på en eiendel, i dette tilfellet kryptovalutaer. Disse fungerer på en lignende måte som kryptofond, med den forskjellen at de bare investerer i én valuta. En market maker er en likviditetsgarant som sikrer at fondet handles nær den nåværende prisen på den underliggende kryptovalutaen. ETC Group Physical Bitcoin - forkortet BTCE - er for øyeblikket det produktet med høyest volum på markedet.

Passiv diversifisering på kryptomarkedet med en enkelt handlet produkt

De børshandlede produktene kan sammenlignes med å investere i børshandlede råvarer som gull. Det er ikke vanskelig å begynne å handle med børshandlede produkter. Det eneste som kreves for å kjøpe børshandlede produkter er en verdipapirkonto og en clearingkonto hos en bank eller direktemegler. Børshandlede produkter godkjennes av de nasjonale tilsynsmyndighetene i EU, for eksempel Bafin i Tyskland, og kan enkelt bestilles med tilsvarende ISIN. Dette gjøres på samme måte som når du kjøper en aksje eller en fond via de regulerte børsene. I Tyskland er dette hovedsakelig Xetra fra Deutsche Börse AG i Frankfurt. De største leverandørene av slike kryptoinvesteringer i form av verdipapirer er ETC Group, 21Shares, Coinshares, VanEck og WisdomTree.

Med verdens første kurvprodukt for kryptovalutaer som følger en MSCI-indeks – ETC Group MSCI Digital Assets Select 20 – er det til og med mulig å gjennom en enkelt børshandlet produkt investere i hele utvalget av kryptovalutaer på markedet.

Important information:

This article does not constitute investment advice, nor does it constitute an offer or solicitation to buy financial products. This article is for general informational purposes only, and there is no explicit or implicit assurance or guarantee regarding the fairness, accuracy, completeness, or correctness of this article or the opinions contained therein. It is advised not to rely on the fairness, accuracy, completeness, or correctness of this article or the opinions contained therein. Please note that this article is neither investment advice nor an offer or solicitation to acquire financial products or cryptocurrencies.

Before investing in crypto ETPs, potentional investors should consider the following:

Potential investors should seek independent advice and consider relevant information contained in the base prospectus and the final terms for the ETPs, especially the risk factors mentioned therein. The invested capital is at risk, and losses up to the amount invested are possible. The product is subject to inherent counterparty risk with respect to the issuer of the ETPs and may incur losses up to a total loss if the issuer fails to fulfill its contractual obligations. The legal structure of ETPs is equivalent to that of a debt security. ETPs are treated like other securities.

About Bitwise

Bitwise is one of the world’s leading crypto specialist asset managers. Thousands of financial advisors, family offices, and institutional investors across the globe have partnered with us to understand and access the opportunities in crypto. Since 2017, Bitwise has established a track record of excellence managing a broad suite of index and active solutions across ETPs, separately managed accounts, private funds, and hedge fund strategies—spanning both the U.S. and Europe.

In Europe, for the past four years Bitwise (previously ETC Group) has developed an extensive and innovative suite of crypto ETPs, including Europe’s largest and most liquid bitcoin ETP.

This family of crypto ETPs is domiciled in Germany and approved by BaFin. We exclusively partner with reputable entities from the traditional financial industry, ensuring that 100% of the assets are securely stored offline (cold storage) through regulated custodians.

Our European products comprise a collection of carefully designed financial instruments that seamlessly integrate into any professional portfolio, providing comprehensive exposure to crypto as an asset class. Access is straightforward via major European stock exchanges, with primary listings on Xetra, the most liquid exchange for ETF trading in Europe.

Retail investors benefit from easy access through numerous DIY/online brokers, coupled with our robust and secure physical ETP structure, which includes a redemption feature.

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Sie haben Fragen?

Frag Jan

Jan Altmann ist ETF-Experte und erfahrener Referent von Online-Seminaren und Präsenzseminaren. Seit 2022 ist Altmann Direktor Investment Strategy der ETC Group im deutschsprachigen Raum, dem führenden deutschen Krypto ETP Anbieter.

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