Cold Storage vs. Hot Storage – Sichere Anlage von Bitcoin und Kryptowährungen

Hot Storage oder Cold Storage: Vor- und Nachteile bei Kryptowährungen
En En It It

Die sichere Aufbewahrung von Bitcoin und anderen Kryptowährungen ist eine kritische Frage für jeden Anleger. Dabei gibt es grundsätzlich zwei gängige Methoden, um Kryptowährungen zu lagern: Cold Storage und Hot Storage. Beide haben ihre Vor- und Nachteile. Allerdings bietet sich für Anleger auch der Weg über Exchanged Traded Products (ETP) an. Diese können die Vorteile beider Methoden verbinden: Sicherheit und Flexibilität. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir Ihnen die Vor- und Nachteile aller Aufbewahrungsmöglichkeiten auf.

  1. Hot Storage: Der flexible Weg zur Lagerung von Kryptowährungen
  2. Vorteile von Hot Storage
  3. Nachteile von Hot Storage
  4. Cold Storage: Sicher ist sicher!
  5. Vor- und Nachteile des Cold Storage
  6. Die Kombination von Hot und Cold Storage
  7. Krypto-ETP: Sicherheit und Flexibilität

1. Hot Storage: Der flexible Weg zur Lagerung von Kryptowährungen

Hot Storage umfasst alle Speichersysteme für Kryptowährungen, die mit dem Internet verbunden sind. Diese Art der Speicherung ermöglicht schnellen und einfachen Zugang zu den Kryptowährungen über ein Wallet – eine digitale Geldbörse – und ist besonders nützlich für Anleger, die täglich handeln oder Transaktionen durchführen. Dabei lassen sich verschiedene Formen von Hot Storage unterscheiden:

  • Online Wallets: Diese werden von spezialisierten Drittanbietern angeboten und sind einfach über den Webbrowser zugänglich. Sie sind benutzerfreundlich und erfordern nicht die Installation einer speziellen Software.
  • Mobile Wallets: Das gleiche Speicherprinzip ist auch mit Apps von Drittanbietern möglich. Sie werden einfach auf dem Smartphone installiert und bieten viel Flexibilität und vor allem Mobilität.
  • Desktop Wallets: Wer seinem Telefon nicht wirklich traut, kann die Software auch auf seinem Computer installieren. Das bietet eine höhere Sicherheit als reine Online Wallets, da es keine ständige Verbindung mit dem Internet gibt.

2. Die Vorteile von Hot Storage

  • Zugang und Bequemlichkeit: Hot Wallets ermöglichen den schnellen Zugriff auf die Kryptowährungen. Jeder kann bequem vom Sofa aus oder unterwegs handeln und Transaktionen durchführen.
  • Benutzerfreundlichkeit: Viele Hot Wallets sind einfach einzurichten und zu verwenden. Das macht sie auch für technisch weniger versierte Anleger attraktiv.
  • Integration: Hot Wallets können oft einfach mit Börsen und anderen Plattformen integriert werden.

3. Nachteile von Hot Storage:

Die Bequemlichkeit hat ihren Preis: So hat diese Form der Lagerung von Kryptowährungen auch erhebliche Nachteile, vor allem mit Blick auf die Sicherheit.

  • Sicherheitsrisiken: Da Hot Wallets mit dem Internet verbunden sind, sind sie anfällig für Hacking, Phishing und andere Cyberangriffe.
  • Verlust durch technische Fehler: Bei Problemen mit der Software oder dem Gerät können Kryptowährungen unwiederbringlich verloren gehen.

4. Cold Storage: Mehr Sicherheit, weniger Flexibilität

Die Alternative zum Hot Storage ist die Aufbewahrung von Kryptowährungen im Cold Storage. Wie es der Name schon andeutet, werden Bitcoin und Co. hierbei offline aufbewahrt. Auf diese Weise erhält der Anleger ein höheres Maß an Sicherheit. Denn die Wallets sind nicht mit dem Internet verbunden und somit weniger anfällig für Cyberangriffe.

Es gibt verschiedene Formen von Cold Storage:

  • Hardware Wallets: Diese physischen Geräte speichern private Schlüssel offline und können bei Bedarf an einen Computer angeschlossen werden. Dann erst kann der Anleger Transaktionen durchführen.
  • Paper Wallets: Im Prinzip handelt es sich hier um ein physisches Stück Papier, auf dem die privaten und öffentlichen Zugangsschlüssel gedruckt sind. Sie sind vollständig offline und daher sehr sicher vor Cyberangriffen.
  • Air-gapped Computer: Wer viel Geld ausgeben möchte, kann seine Kryptos in diesen speziellen Computern aufbewahren. Sie sind nie mit dem Internet verbunden und dienen ausschließlich der Speicherung und Verwaltung von Kryptowährungen.

5. Vorteile von Cold Storage:

  • Hohe Sicherheit: Cold Wallets sind nicht anfällig für Online-Angriffe, was sie ideal für die langfristige Aufbewahrung großer Mengen von Kryptowährungen macht.
  • Kontrolle: Der Besitzer hat die volle Kontrolle über die privaten Schlüssel und kann sicherstellen, dass keine Dritten Zugriff haben.

6. Nachteile von Cold Storage:

  • Zugänglichkeit: Der Anleger kann bei Cold Storage nicht schnell auf seine Kryptowährungen zugreifen und in der Regel nur verzögert auf Marktveränderungen reagieren. Dieser umständliche Weg kann für häufige Transaktionen unpraktisch sein.
  • Komplexität: Das Einrichten und Verwalten von Cold Wallets kann für Anfänger schwierig sein und erfordert ein gewisses Maß an technischem Verständnis. Das ist nicht für jeden Anleger geeignet.
  • Risiko des physischen Verlusts: Gehen die Hardware oder das Stück Papier verloren, werden gestohlen oder beschädigt, ist ein Zugang zum Cold Storage nicht mehr möglich und die Kryptowährungen gehen verloren.

7. Kombination von Cold und Hot Storage

So mancher Krypto-Anleger nutzt eine Kombination aus beiden Methoden, um die Vorteile beider Ansätze zu maximieren und die Risiken zu minimieren. Dabei werden die für die langfristige Anlage vorgesehenen Kryptos im Cold Storage gespeichert. Dieser bietet mehr Sicherheit. Der Teil der Kryptos, mit dem quasi täglich und flexibel gehandelt werden soll, kommt dann ins Hot Storage. Übertragen auf den Alltag lässt sich das mit Bargeld und Konto vergleichen. Beim Bargeld ist man sehr flexibel, aber ein Fünfzig Euro-Schein kann schon mal verloren gehen. Beim Konto kann das nicht so schnell passieren. Zudem könnten Anleger mit regelmäßigen Back-Ups auf ihrem Computer oder der Verwendung von Sicherheitssoftware ihre Risiken bei der Aufbewahrung reduzieren.

8. Krypto-ETP: Sicherheit und Flexibilität

Die Kombination aus Cold und Hot Storage erfordert einen hohen Aufwand und eignet sich sicherlich eher für größere Kryptovermögen. Wer es einfacher haben will, aber dabei Sicherheit und Flexibilität verbinden möchte, der findet in Exchange Traded Products (ETP) auf Kryptowährungen die passende Alternative. ETPs sind börsengelistete Finanzprodukte. Anleger können Sie wie ETFs, Fonds oder Aktien an regulierten Börsen kaufen. Sie bilden die Preisentwicklung einer Kryptowährung oder eines Korbs aus verschiedenen Kryptowährungen nach. Hierfür benötige Anleger lediglich ein Wertpapierdepot bei ihrer Bank oder Online-Broker. Der Handel selbst erfolgt dann wie bei ETFs oder Aktien über eine Börse.

9. Krypto-ETP: Bitcoin liegen im Cold Storage

Somit sind Krypto-ETPs sehr flexibel und können täglich gehandelt werden. Doch wie sieht es mit der Sicherheit aus? Da haben sich einige ETP-Anbieter wie Bitwise ins Zeug gelegt. Deren Produkte, wie beispielsweise der Bitwise Core Bitcoin ETP (ISIN: DE000A4AER62), sind vollständig hinterlegt. Das bedeutet, dass die ETPs ihr Vermögen in vollem Umfang in Bitcoin, Ether oder anderen Kryptowährungen anlegen. Bei Bitwise überwacht zusätzlich ein unabhängiger Verwalter die Lagerung der Kryptos im Cold Storage. Somit ist eine höchstmögliche Sicherheit gewährleistet. Mehr dazu erfahren Sie unter https://bitwiseinvestments.eu/de/resources/proof-of-holdings/.

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Bitwise is one of the world’s leading crypto specialist asset managers. Thousands of financial advisors, family offices, and institutional investors across the globe have partnered with us to understand and access the opportunities in crypto. Since 2017, Bitwise has established a track record of excellence managing a broad suite of delta-one, index and active solutions across ETPs, ETFs, separately managed accounts, private funds, and hedge fund strategies, spanning both the U.S. and Europe.

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FRAGEN? WIR HELFEN GERN Direkt, kompetent, persönlich.

Frag Jan

Jan Altmann ist ETF-Experte und erfahrener Referent von Online-Seminaren und Präsenzseminaren. Seit 2022 ist Altmann Direktor Investment Strategy von Bitwise im deutschsprachigen Raum, dem führenden Anbieter von in Deutschland aufgelegten Krypto ETPs.

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